By Fayol

1. Division of work: Reduces the span of attention or effort for any one person or group. Develops practice or routine and familiarity.
2. Authority: "The right to give orders. Should not be considered without reference to responsibility."
3. Discipline: "Outward marks of respect in accordance with formal or informal agreements between a firm and it's employees."
4. Unity of command: "One man one superior!"Every employee should receive orders from only one superior.
5. Unity of direction: "One head and One plan for a group of activities with the same objective."
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the Common Interest: "The interests of one individual or group should not prevail over the general or common good."
7. Remuneration of personnel: "Pay should be fair to both the worker as well as the organization."
8. Centralisation: "Is always present to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the size of the company and the quality of its managers."
9. Scalar chain: "The line of authority from top to bottom of the organization."
10. Order: "A place for everything and everything in its right place; ie. the right man in the right place."
11. Equity: "A combination of kindness and justice towards employees."
12. Stability of personnel tenure: "Employees need to be given time to settle in to their jobs, even though this may be a lengthy period in the case of some managers."
13. Initiative: "Within the limits of authority and discipline, all levels of staff should be encouraged to show initiative."
14. Esprit de corps (Union is strength): "Harmony is a great strength to an organization; teamwork should be encouraged."

Scalar Chain

1. Fayol defines scalar chain as ’The chain of superiors ranging from the ultimate authority to the lowest”.
2. Every orders, instructions, messages, requests, explanation etc. has to pass through Scalar chain.
3. But, for the sake of convenience & urgency, this path can be cut shirt and this short cut is known as Gang Plank.
4. A Gang Plank is a temporary arrangement between two different points to facilitate quick & easy communication as explained below:
   In the figure given, if D has to communicate with G he will first send the communication upwards with the help of C, B to A and then downwards with the help of E and F to G which will take quite some time and by that time, it may not be worth therefore a gang plank has been developed between the two.
5. Gang Plank clarifies that management principles are not rigid rather they are very flexible. They can be moulded and modified as per the requirements of situations

Fayols Gang Plank

Explain about gangplank introduced by henri fayol?

Which builds the gap between management and employees. Henry fayol has derived the the theory of gangplank, where he explains about gaps arising in organization. The theory explains how to build the gap in the organization.